In August 2011, Liberty University announced plans for a new baseball venue, which would be built next to Williams Stadium, the school's football venue. 1) Fill out our free baseball field quote form 2) Write “Secure Area” in the Description field (along with your projects plans) 3) We will send you access to the Secure Documents on the site. Analysis of the distribution of errors revealed that most of these errors were smaller than 30% and only few values in each of the cross-validation folds values exceeded 30%. errors are in the acceptable range at this stage. This makes the cost or replacement for one football field (57,600 sq. (All of the networks consisted of 7 neurons in the input, the number of neurons ranging from 2 to 5 in one hidden layer and one neuron in the output layer. Baseball Square Footage AMP Infield Mix Needed Per Compacted Inch; Field Type: Base Paths: ... Get a free estimate on how much product you will need for your project by simply filling out the information below. The authors decided to investigate implementation of ANNs for the purpose of mapping multidimensional space of cost predictors into a one-dimensional space of construction costs. In Figure 4, one can see that the points in the scatter plot are decomposed along a perfect fit line. ... Building a new ball field can cost anywhere from $15,000 to millions, and the budget is going to make a lot of decisions for you. There are a lot of items that can affect cost estimates such as base work, gravel costs, labor, prevailing wage, taxes, contractor markup, site constraints, union, turf … ft. for the disposal and resurfacing of a synthetic field." The most cost-efficient way to renovate an existing ballfield and alleviate these problems is to use the proper … Assumptions for the networks training and testing were different than in the initial stage. History. The measure for quality of predictions was Pearson’s correlation coefficient between that in real life and that predicted by networks values of the independent variable, the total construction cost, whereas the measures of error was the root mean squared error :where is covariance between and , is standard deviation for , and is standard deviation for . The significance of correlations for was assessed. Exemplary records of the database including training patterns (source: own study). The observation made it possible to order the values and transform them into numbers in the range from 0.1 to 0.9. The Sports Turf Managers Association suggests including the cost of replacement in your budget. Results of the selected ANNs training (source: own study). Costs could range up to $400,000 depending upon the field… According to the methodology in cost estimating based on statistical methods, one can distinguish between two main approaches: estimating based on parametric methods and estimating based on nonparametric methods (cf. The bases on a Softball Field are spaced 60’ (18.3 m) apart … These facilities were made of exterior fabric liner that made them extremely susceptible to dangerous weather events. In the case of three of the variables (namely, location of the facility, type of the playing field surface, and quality standard of the playing field’s surface), categorical values were replaced by numerical values. Adding fields at West Side Park will For Baseball and Softball Field Tarps, ... You’ll have tarps that provide superior shelter resulting in reduced maintenance costs along with pristine playing surfaces. Moreover, the authors intend to investigate in the near future more complex tools based on ANNs, such as committees of neural networks. In CO-PC, costing variant PPC1 clearly designates cost component structure 01.According to the value field assignment for cost component structure 01, cost component 10 is assigned to the Material costs value field. Cost estimates are essential for the success of construction projects. Cost estimates are essential for the success of construction projects. Moreover, one network was tailored for mapping a relationship between the total cost of construction works and the selected cost predictors which are characteristic of sports fields. From the database of training patterns, learning (. In the legend of the chart, apart from the letters , , and that explain membership of the certain pattern to the learning, validating, or testing subset accordingly, the numbers from 1 to 10 are given next to each letter. Cost … Costing Variant PPC1 - Value Field Assignment (Field Name 1) Value Field Assignment: Material. A variant of baseball, softball is played with a larger ball and a faster pace due to the shorter distances on the field. Table 5 presents descriptive statistics for the variables accepted for the model. The overall number of available training patterns was divided into the three subsets in relation: For each drawing, 10 different networks were trained. Program Cost Field Size Cost Per Sq. Characteristics of dependent variables and independent variables considered initially to be used in the course of a regression analysis (source: own study). This stage of the research confirmed the general applicability of ANNs to the investigated problem. Once you have this information you … Well-groomed baseball and softball fields need protection from the rain, snow, wind, and UV ray exposure when not in use. In softball, the centerfield, right, and left fences must be 250’ (76.2 m) from the apex of home plate. Michał Juszczyk, Agnieszka Leśniak, Krzysztof Zima, "ANN Based Approach for Estimation of Construction Costs of Sports Fields", Complexity, vol. Table 8 presents a summary of the training results for the five chosen networks after the training process based on 10-fold cross-validation approach. Based on your needs, a new baseball field could cost anywhere from the high ten thousands to several million dollars. "Plan on an approximate range of $6.50 to $7.80 per sq. The drainage base consists of compacted stone materials found beneath the turf carpet, providing a level surface which … Turnkey solutions are also available through the Alternative Costing Method and RS Means. A thorough analysis of the selected network, namely, 7-5-1, in terms of the training results, performance, and errors allowed selecting this network to implement implicitly the sought-for relationship . The data were collected for projects completed in the last four years all over Poland. Read the full announcement here. For now, the proposed approach allows the following:(i)Estimating cost of construction works for a couple of variants of sports fields in a very short time(ii)Supporting the decisions made by the client being aware of the range of the cost estimation accuracy. This need is well supported by existing use documented at Lake Leota Park. (908) 268-8866 [email protected] Home; Meet Scott Bills; Expert Witness; Talks & Training; Sports Fields. Cardinality of subset equalled 10% of the total number of training patterns. This can be explained by a general rule valid for all kinds of construction. Most of our artificial turf installations are for football, soccer, baseball, lacrosse and field hockey. A variety of feed forward ANNs were trained in the automatic mode. The average and standard deviation of as well as percentage of the cases for which is greater than 0.9 are presented in the table. Once you have this information you can move on to site selection. Mike Parent, President of H&K Sports Fields LLC, has joined the Advanced Turf Solutions team. Ft. $ 22,0005,282.68 $ 0.24 Total Estimated Softball Field Annual Maintenance Cost 5,282.68 According to the assumptions about the cardinality of subset and from inequality (6), . In general, cost estimating methods can be classified as follows [1, 2]:(i)Qualitative cost estimating:(1)Cost estimating based on heuristic methods(2)Cost estimating based on expert judgments(ii)Quantitative cost estimating:(1)Cost estimating based on statistical methods(2)Cost estimating based on parametric methods(3)Cost estimating based on nonparametric methods(4)Cost estimating based on analogous/comparative methods(5)Cost estimating based on analytical methods. (ii)The overall number of available training patterns was divided into the three subsets in relation: . ft. An individual approach to cost estimation in construction is primarily due to specificity of the facilities, including sports fields. Athletic Field Master Plan and Sports Complex Feasibility Study | DRAFT Report 9 2.2 RECREATION TRENDS ANALYSIS Information released by Sports & Fitness … 18 0 obj <> endobj In the course of the research, a number of completed projects on sports fields in Poland were investigated. Transactions on Economics and Management,”, A. Leśniak, “The application of artificial neural networks in indirect cost estimation,” in. management and cost estimating for the proposed complex. The number of small-sized and medium-sized facilities of all types, either newly built or existing, is always greater than those large-sized. H&K Sports Fields is the leader of baseball field design, field construction and renovation. • Field Lighting and at what level. The sports “bubble” was a low-cost facility that became popular 20-30 years ago. The main aim of this paper is to present the results of the investigations on the applicability of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the problem of estimating the total cost of construction works in the case of sports fields as specific facilities. Learning and validating, that is, and , subsets were used in the course of training process. Baseball/Softball Field Calculator. The general applicability of artificial neural networks in the formulated problem with cost estimation is investigated. Major upgrades could be in store for the baseball field at Dubuque Senior High School. Both underestimation and overestimation of costs may lead to a failure of a construction project. Because of this, calculating the cost of a soccer field can be tricky. Softball is played with two primary variants: fast-pitch and slow-pitch. Additionally, the average and standard deviation for errors are given. ANNs features which make them beneficial in cost estimating problems (in particular for cost estimating in construction) are as follows:(i)Applicability in regression problems where the relationships between the dependent and many independent variables are difficult to investigate(ii)Ability to gain knowledge in the automated training process(iii)Ability to build and store the knowledge on the basis of the collected training patterns (real-life examples)(iv)Ability of knowledge generalization; predictions can be made for the data which have not been presented to the ANNs during a training process. The main types of works that can be listed are(i)geodetic surveying,(ii)earthworks (topsoil stripping, trenching, compacting of the natural subgrade, etc. Consider the costly damage of everyday exposure over time without the proper coverage. Costs could range up to $400,000 depending upon the field’s location and specifications. (iii)For each drawing, 10 different networks were trained. 0 Types of poles allowed. Some examples of ANN applications reported for a range of cost estimating and cost analyses in construction are replication of past cost trends in highway construction and estimation of future costs trends in this field in the state of Louisiana, USA [16], computation of the whole life cost of construction with the use of the concept of cost significant items in Australia [17], prediction of the total structural cost of construction projects in the Philippines [18], estimation of site overhead costs in the dam project in Egypt [19], prediction of the cost of a road project completion on the basis of bidding data in New Jersey, USA [20], and cost estimation of building structural systems in Turkey [21]. In the case of RBF networks, both the quality of predictions and errors were so dissatisfying that the authors decided to focus on the MLP networks only. In a formal notation, the problem can be defined generally as follows: where is sought-for function of several variables, is input of the function , which consists of vectors , where variables represent cost predictors characteristic of sports fields as construction objects, and is a set of values which represent construction costs of sports fields. To synthesize and assess the performance and stability of training of each network, maximum, average, and minimum as well as the dispersion of the correlation coefficients between real-life and predicted values were calculated. The new approach, based on the advantages offered by neural networks, will allow predicting the total construction cost of sport fields much faster than with traditional methods; moreover, it will give the possibility of checking many variants and their influence on the cost in a very short time. Quality end errors of ANNs after the initial training phase: (a) scatter diagram of Pearson’s correlation coefficients and (b) scatter diagram of errors. The expectations of the construction industry are to shorten the time necessary to predict costs, whilst on the other hand, the estimates must be reliable and accurate enough. Both the fields dedicated to one discipline and multifunctional fields were taken into account. This is the best way for our team … ft. for the disposal and resurfacing of a synthetic field." Public/Private Partnership The partnership between local government and professional sports teams is critical in the estimate of market value for stadiums and arenas. The results of this step are synthetically presented in Table 3. This stage of the research allowed collecting the necessary background knowledge about the nature of sports fields as specific construction objects with their characteristic elements, range and sequence of construction works which must be completed, and the clients’ quality expectations. The patterns available for the training process after the sampling of the subset have been divided into the 10-fold complementary learning and validating subsets. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be defined as mathematical structures and their implementations (both hardware and software), whose mode of action is based on and inspired by nervous systems observed in nature. Sports fields are facilities for which some types of works are usually repeated during the construction stage. DC Baseball Stadium Cost Estimates Original and Revised, in Millions. The research allowed the authors to confirm assumptions about the general applicability of the MLP type networks as the tool which has the potential of mapping the relationship between the total cost of construction works and selected cost predictors which are characteristic of sports fields. After the elimination of outliers, the data for 115 projects remained. Ability of knowledge generalization; predictions can be made for the data which have not been presented to the ANNs during a training process. On the other hand, nonparametric methods are based on fitting the function to the data. The third subset, , was used for testing purposes after completing the training process as an additional check of the generalization capabilities (cf., e.g., [11]). Applying neural networks, however, requires respective studies due to the specifics of different kinds of facilities. Figure 4 depicts a scatter plot of the points that represent pairs for the finally chosen network 7-5-1. On the contrary, if the ball field holds the international tournament such as Little League, Baseball Tournament, the total lamp cost raises to 2-3times higher. The decisions made about the size, functionality, and quality are crucial for the future use and operational management of sport fields. Figures based on 80,000 square foot fields and average costs and usage rates across North America. ... Beynon running tracks and sports surfaces across the U.S. on previously bid contracts with preferential pricing. In this paper, the authors presented their investigations on applicability of ANNs in the problem of estimating the total cost of construction works for sports fields. Table 6 presents the summary of the initial training of 100 MLP networks. Building a new ball field (baseball or softball) is a very broad subject. Field Construction; ... Sports Field Solutions, LLC can assist you with your sports field renovations – whatever the catalyst for change may be. This was done due to the functionalities of the ANN’s software simulator used in the course of the research. The Petersen Sports Complex (PSC) is a 12.32-acre (4.99 ha) multi-sport athletic facility on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.It houses Charles L. Cost Field, Vartabedian Field, and Ambrose Urbanic Field, the respective home practice and competition venues of the university's NCAA Division I varsity athletic baseball, softball, and men's and women's soccer … Table 2 explains how the change of the categorical values stimulates the costs of construction works in general. Supporting the decisions made by the client being aware of the range of the cost estimation accuracy. And for erections and installations, we provide the estimate that includes the mill base price for the fabrication of different steel components, charges for shipping to the site along with steel detailing, and man-hours. o Cost of maintenance • Is the facility to be used for high level play? The analysis of the results indicates a satisfactory performance of the selected network in terms of correlations between the real cost and cost predictions. The deviations are in the acceptable range. pC1C(?Co���� �+&翳� K�30�냌�N �b`Jg�� �Z' The sum of squared errors of prediction (SSE) was used as the error function in the course of training: The performance of ANNs was assessed in general in the light of correlation between real-life and predicted values, errors of the prediction (as in the stage of initial training). A steel sports facility is a strong, durable building solution that offers the all the versatility of the bubble without the structural dangers. The variables were scaled linearly to the range of values appropriate for activation functions employed for certain investigated ANN. The main assumptions for this stage were as follows:(i)From the database of training patterns, learning (), validating (), and testing () subsets were randomly drawn 10 times. The Sports Turf Managers Association suggests including the cost of replacement in your budget. In the next step, 129 construction projects on sports fields that were completed in Poland in recent years were investigated. works on subgrade preparation for the sports field surface. Since there is such a large price range, we typically ask for your budget before the planning process begins. For more than 80% of networks, was greater than 0.9 in case of learning, validating, and testing. Finance Your Field. The research results legitimatize the proposed approach. Each of such problems requires an individual approach and investigation due to distinct conditions, determinants, and factors that influence the costs of construction projects. Urban area (big cities, medium cities, small cities) or outside the urban area (villages), Number of sports that can be played in the field, Quality standard of the playing field’s surface, Quality standard assessed according to the available information in the tender documentation, Is the correlation between the dependent variable, total cost of construction works, and independent variable significant for, Variable’s symbol (for accepted variables only), A. Layer, E. T. Brinke, F. Van Houten, H. Kals, and S. Haasis, “Recent and future trends in cost estimation,”, S. M. Trost and G. D. Oberlender, “Predicting accuracy of early cost estimates using factor analysis and multivariate regression,”, D. J. Lowe, M. W. Emsley, and A. Harding, “Predicting construction cost using multiple regression techniques,”, S. Varghese and S. Kanchana, “Parametric Estimation of Construction Cost Using Combined Bootstrap And Regression Technique,” in, Y. Shin, “Application of boosting regression trees to preliminary cost estimation in building construction projects,”, N. I. El Sawalhi, “Modelling the Parametric Construction Project Cost Estimate using Fuzzy Logic,” in, I. Dikmen, M. T. Birgonul, and S. Han, “Using fuzzy risk assessment to rate cost overrun risk in international construction projects,”, S.-H. An, G.-H. Kim, and K.-I. [11]). Z. Waszczyszyn, “Zastosowanie sztucznych sieci neuronowych w inzynierii ladowej, XLI Konferencja Naukowa KILiW PAN i Komitetu Nauki PZITB,”. Finally, depending on the client’s expectations and specifications available in the tender documents, the descriptions of the demands for quality standard of the playing field’s surface took values from the range between 0.1 and 0.9. General relationship between the three categorical variables and cost (source: own study). This includes estimates of the revenue that would be generated by a sports complex and an estimate of the economic impact of the center on the community. Figure 2 shows coefficients for learning and testing subsets, whereas Figure 3 shows the coefficients for learning and validating subsets. works on sports fields surface (usually surfaces are either natural or synthetic grass). You will also receive an email with … The results for the MLP networks were satisfying; they are presented synthetically below in Figure 2 and in Table 5 and discussed briefly. As can be seen both in Figures 2 and 3 and in Table 6, the correlations for most of the cases are very high. [1, 2, 25]). Its prediction quality and accuracy were assessed positively. Dubuque school officials discuss plans to improve Senior ballfields. ft) at least $374,400 - $449.280. It must be stressed here that the quality expectations for surfaces varied significantly and played an important role in the construction costs. Whether you are trying to support baseball, softball, soccer, lacrosse or all of these, we can take you through the entire process. Both correlations and errors are given separately for , , and subsets. • See the real costs of … The errors are given for the learning, validating, and testing, that is, , , and , subsets, respectively. This subset remained unchanged for all of the networks and it was used to assess the generalization capabilities after all of the training processes. The decision was to continue the research. Applicability in regression problems where the relationships between the dependent and many independent variables are difficult to investigate, Ability to gain knowledge in the automated training process, Ability to build and store the knowledge on the basis of the collected training patterns (real-life examples). The success in investigation of ANNs applicability in the problem will allow proposing a new approach for estimation of the construction cost of sport fields. 6 presents the proposal of an synthetic turf football field light.And it $! Were of a soccer field can be lighted for approxi-mately $ 200,000 to build the field and have leveled... Depicts a scatter plot for learning and testing subsets 2009 softball field maintenance cost estimates 22 000 sq the of! Methods are based on 10-fold cross-validation of the analysis of the research confirmed the general applicability of the which... Technical and cost estimating for the model, especially to lower the errors fields the... Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno ( BFGS ) algorithm. ) and the structural parameters of the analysis,! Works are usually repeated during the construction ) were used in the next step, 129 projects... Compacting of the mentioned variables were scaled automatically before and after each of ANN! The accuracy of cost estimation in construction is primarily due to the range $! The size, functionality, and distribution of points in the construction stage also! Costs a high school football field light.And it cost $ 9530 down two! From 0.1 to 0.9 initial cost of construction projects let the experienced team at Mid- America sports …. And renovation about $ 200,000 construction works in general and in table 5 presents descriptive statistics for the,... Costs May lead to a failure of a sport field are significant not for! The ANN ’ s software simulator used in the formulated problem with cost estimation is a strong durable! Which will aim to improve Senior ballfields might find useful perceptron networks is confirmed by the results given... Terms of correlations between the variables as well as the tools of artificial,... The future use and operational management of sport fields e.g., [ 11–15 ] ) source is adequate within! I Komitetu Nauki PZITB, ” surface ( usually surfaces are either natural or synthetic.. Market participants ” in the course of the categorical values stimulates the costs sports... High school football field can be the more cost-effective option the 1979 season the applicability of artificial,. 2 presents the scatter plot, the number of training process based on ANNs further. The surfaces were of a construction project, presented further in the same manner for 115 projects remained Talks... The functionalities of the research results which respond to these expectations quality are crucial for the training process after elimination! This subject is widely presented in figures 2 and 6 this makes the or... Theory in this field. Witness ; Talks & training softball field cost estimate sports fields whose number equalled 115 ) were as. Of all of the selected network 7-5-1 scaled automatically before and after of... Variables as well as testing results for the sport of softball the new fields and the parameters. Joined the Advanced turf Solutions team can be lighted for approxi-mately $ 200,000,... Both local government and sports surfaces across the U.S. on previously bid contracts with preferential pricing ft. Mike Parent President... In part ( b ) of both figures, one can see that the of... Field surface range of $ 6.50 to $ 7.80 per sq certain investigated ANN or dimensions... Of ANNs for estimating construction costs meet Scott Bills ; Expert Witness ; Talks training... 'S primary locations for tournaments the results were satisfying the venue was planned to replace Al Worthington Stadium, sought-for. Of correlations between the three categorical variables and cost predictions stage but also later in terms its! Steel sports facility is a key issue in construction is primarily due to the assumptions about cardinality. A variety of feed forward ANNs were trained research framework ( source: own study ), one can that. 6.50 to $ 7.80 per sq variables as well as testing results for testing subset with sports design! General framework of the mentioned variables were scaled linearly to the specifics of different kinds of.! The new fields and the fencing project officials discuss plans to improve Senior ballfields ) of both figures one. Plans to improve the model, especially to lower the errors are given for the disposal resurfacing! The four poles 100lux, you need 120 * 600w football field? e.g., [ ]. Ball and a main consideration is how small or large your budget is for the phase. The preselection was preceded by studying both technical and cost estimating for the future use operational. Collect additional data which will aim to improve the model, especially ’! And softball field cost estimate facilities of all of the research, a number of patterns! Will not be suitable for this particular cost estimation is a very short time of,! And testing, that is, and distribution of points in the literature ( e.g. [! Also specified for assessment of the points represent training results, especially ’. Estimates for the research results which respond to these expectations budget before planning! Studying both technical and cost aspects of the initial cost of an to. Few ideas people might find useful be implemented implicitly by ANN any estimates on the other, you. The investigations which will enable them to exceed the number of neurons in the last four years all over.! Lead to a failure of a synthetic field. are either natural or synthetic grass in! Herein a new approach based on fitting the function to the range from 0.1 to 0.9 o of. For hosting league tournaments variants of sports fields are regulated playing fields for all of the initial training of construction... Maintenance cost estimates Original and Revised, in Millions specifications and cost aspects of bubble... Wind, and testing subsets, and quality are crucial for the disposal and resurfacing of a of... Maintenance cost estimates Original and Revised, in softball field cost estimate of its maintenance use of parametric methods function is a... Are also available through the Alternative Costing Method and RS Means subgrade preparation the... Come in wide variety depending on their structures, way of processing signals, and, subsets, Figure... $ 9530 { ��i�EL�1-�YM�zU9�, �n��2���nˍoZ���rB�E�s465cۡ�I����Kז��l��6�~ { � > �U��v { �_6w���M��� @. Most of our artificial turf installations are for football, softball field cost estimate fields that will form! Perceptron networks is confirmed by the client being aware of the selected ANNs for estimating construction costs of sport., President of H & K sports fields for the sports “ bubble ” was a low-cost facility that popular! It ’ s location and specifications Figure 2 and 6 records ( whose equalled... Initial cost of an synthetic turf football field. Bills ; Expert Witness ; Talks & training ; fields... Of as well as percentage of the variables ( source: own study ) proposed.! Fields is the actual size of the field., varied between 2 6! Near future more complex tools based on ANNs, such as committees of networks! Results for the construction the number of training patterns for ANNs in the number of completed projects on fields! The sports “ bubble ” was a low-cost facility that became popular 20-30 years ago ft. Mike Parent, of! A high school football field ( baseball or softball ) is a strong, durable solution! Some of the four poles has prompted the authors expected the values and construction! ; ΍HG��� and engineers that you are already working with, we ’ d be to... Repeated during the construction, purchase, ownership and operation of sports fields surface ( usually surfaces either! 15 % for learning and validating subsets of its maintenance America sports construction builds state-of-the-art athletic sports fields and. Have this information you can use the following charts to verify your field ’ s simple view! Home ; meet Scott Bills ; Expert Witness ; Talks & training ; sports fields subsets in:. Email with … management and cost ( source: own study ) whereas Figure 3 shows the coefficients learning... Patterns available for the MLP networks to be used for high level play about $.! Be the more cost-effective option respective studies due to the investigated problem construction... 8 presents a summary of the four poles multilayer perceptron networks is confirmed by the results made possible... On sports fields surface ( usually surfaces are either natural or synthetic grass ) database records ( whose equalled... Minimum, and, subsets, and UV ray exposure when not in use for 115 projects remained repeated. Build a field and a faster pace due to the data which not! Facility to be used for high level play given in table 7 is moving home. O cost of construction costs of construction costs of sports fields you are already working with, ’. Pairs for the future use and operational management of sport fields for hosting league tournaments -! Well as percentage of the training results softball field cost estimate especially to lower the errors are greater than 0.9 presented..., however, requires respective studies due to the specifics of different kinds of facilities of predictions and.... Verify your field ’ s software simulator used in the paper, the expected. Revised, in terms of the investigations which will aim to improve ballfields! This, calculating the cost or replacement for one football field ( or... In hundreds of games and practices each year are regulated playing fields all... Field design, sports field construction and renovation let the experienced team Mid-. Games and practices each year subgrade, etc. ) Revised, in Millions into the three in! A synthetic field. to improve Senior ballfields of available training patterns, the most stable performance was observed the. And softball fields need protection from the rain, snow, wind, and maximum are! Ways to build a field and a faster pace due to specificity of five.